Allergies are among the most common conditions affecting children. When the immune system of a child having an allergy, wrongly reacts to factors that are usually harmless; pet dander, pollen, dust, mold spores, insect stings, food, and medications are examples of such things. This reaction may cause their body to reciprocate with health problems such as asthma, hay fever, hives, eczema (a rash), or a very severe and unusual reaction called anaphylaxis.

• Pediatric Asthma and Rhinitis
• Fetal & Neonatal Immunology
• Pediatric infections
• Outdoor & Indoor Allergens

The eye, like the respiratory tract, can be a site of acute allergic reactions. Ocular allergy also called Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when something allergic to irritate the conjunctiva. This is the sensitive membrane covering the eye and the inside of the eyelid.

As all allergies, allergic conjunctivitis starts when the immune system recognises an otherwise innocuous substance as an allergen. This causes your immune system to overreact and produce antibodies called Immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies drive to cells that release chemicals which cause an allergic reaction. In this case, allergic reactions include eyes that water, itch, hurt or become red or swollen.

• Epidemiology
• Ocular Immune system
• Corneal Immunology
• Allergic Diseases of conjunctiva & cornea
• Diagnostic Tests for Ocular Allergy

Infection occurs when organism is attacked by disease causing agent, they multiply in the host body & produce toxins. Infection may remain localized or it can be spread through blood or lymphatic vessels to overall body. Infections are caused by infectious agents like virus, viroid, bacteria, prions etc. Host body fights infections by provoking immune system. Infections can be treated by medications like antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals etc.

• Bacterial & Viral Infections
• Diagnosis of Infectious diseases
• Sexually transmitted infections
• Role of IgG on Allergy

Gastrointestinal tract is a lymphoid organ, and the lymphoid tissue within it is referred to as the gut-associated lymphoid tissue or GALT. Gastrointestinal allergy is an immediate hypersensitivity reaction of the digestive system after the ingestion of certain foods or drugs. GI allergy varies from food allergy, which can affect other organ systems. Distinctive symptoms constitute itching and swelling of the mouth and oral passages, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, and in severe cases, anaphylactic shock. Gastrointestinal food allergy also urges a challenge to the clinician because of its mutable symptomatology and lack of accurate diagnostic tests.

• Mucosal Immunology
• Gastrointestinal inflammation
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Intestinal Infections
• Food Allergens

Allergic diseases are the outcome of allergic inflammation that occurs as a result of an interaction between the environment and the patient's immune system resulting in the release of histamine and other pro-inflammatory mediators. Knowing exactly what body is allergic to can help lessen or prevent exposure and treat the reactions. Laboratory investigations are a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases and can provide aids to diagnose and assess disease activity.

• Molecular Allergy
• Laboratory Tests for Allergy
• Allergens: Diagnosis
• Advances in allergy medicine

Allergies can be prevented by identifying & avoiding the ones which cause allergy to the body. One of the biggest causes of allergy is house dust mites, pets, mould spores, food allergies, insect bites stings, when trying to identify what causes or deteriorate your allergic symptoms, track your activities and what you eat, when symptoms occur and what seems to help. Host factors responsible for risk of allergy are heredity, sex, race and age. Exposure to allergens has been identified as an influential environmental factor, whereas passive smoking and pollution may act as an adjuvant.

• Allergy Epidemiology
• Risk Factors for Causing Allergy
• Preventive methods of Different Types of Allergies
• Treatments and Therapies For Allergy
• Advanced allergy treatment

A biological marker is a physical sign or laboratory measurement that can function as a sign of biological or pathophysiological processes or as a riposte to a therapeutic intervention. Determining IgE of IgG in serum has been proved to be too unresponsive and too non-specific to identify individuals with sensitization, with and without clinical symptoms. In order to develop new diagnostic tools, it is relevant to search for markers that are strongly conjoin with allergy or tolerance. So the biomarkers can be used as diagnostic tools.

• Genetic Biomarkers
• Protein Biomarkers
• Basophil Activation as a Biomarker of Food Allergy and Asthma
• T-Regulatory Cells as Markers of Allergen Immunotherapy
• Recent Advancements in Biomarkers of Allergy

Immunotherapy is the treatment of disease by enhancing, inducing or suppressing an immune response. It has gained great interest among researchers, clinicians and pharmaceutical companies, particularly in its promise to treat various forms of cancer. With thousands of patents filed annually on the subject, it is estimated that there are thousands of immunotherapy licensing opportunities across technology transfer offices that are in need of development and commercialization partners. Immunomodulatory regimens often have fewer side effects than existing drugs, including less potential for creating resistance when treating microbial disease.

• Activation Immunotherapy
• Suppression Immunotherapy
• Helminthic Immunotherapy
• Others

Asthma is a chronic condition that effects lungs & causes inflammation and constricting of the bronchial tubes, the pathways that allow air to enter and leave the lungs. If people with asthma are unveiled to a substance to which they are sensitive or a situation that changes their regular breathing patterns, the symptoms can become more severe. Asthma is of two types: allergic (caused by exposure to an allergen) and non-allergic (caused by exercise, stress, or exposure to extreme weather, illnesses like a cold or the flu, irritants in the air or some medications).

Drug allergies are a set of symptoms caused by an allergic reaction to a drug. A drug allergy encompasses an immune response in the body that develops an allergic reaction to a medicine. If development of a rash, hives or difficulty in breathing occurs after taking certain medications, one may have a drug allergy. As with other allergic reactions, these symptoms of drug allergy can occur when the body’s immune system becomes sensitive to a substance in the medication, identifies it as a foreign invader and releases chemicals to defend against it.

• Drug Allergy: Clinical Aspects & Diagnosis
• Drug Allergy or Side effects
• Drug allergy: anaphylaxis
• Clinical diagnosis of drug allergy
• Drug Hypersensitivity
• Pharmacogenomics

Irritated skin can be caused by a many factors. These include immune system disorders, medications and infections. When an allergen is responsible for initiating an immune system response, then it is an allergic skin condition. When skin is contacted by a substance, body’s immune system is triggered thinking the substance as a foreign agent, because of this skin becomes sensitive & develops allergy. Contact with substance such as detergents, soaps or cleaning supplies causes skin allergy.

• Contact Allergic Dermatitis
• Hereditary Angioedema
• Atopic Dermatitis and Other Skin Conditions: Management & Mechanisms
• Urticaria and Angioedema: Epidemiology & Diagnosis
• Cutaneous Mastocytosis

Allergy affecting Ear, Nose, and Throat comprises ENT allergy. Seasonal as well as long lasting allergies can contribute to enduring sinusitis, bronchitis, as well as ear problems. Allergies are diagnosed through the patient's history, physical examination as well as allergy testing. Once the distinct allergens are identified prevention techniques as well as immunotherapy can be used in addition to antihistamines in order to obtain optimal results.   

• Diagnosis and Management of Rhinitis
• Epidemiology of Rhinitis and Conjunctivitis
• Bronchitis: Chronic & Acute bronchitis
• Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease

Food allergy is caused when the body falsely makes an antibody (IgE) to fight against a specific food. When the food is next (or sometimes is just in contact with the skin) it provokes an immune system response which results in the commute of histamine and other substances in the body. These cause various symptoms, depending on where in the body they are exposed. For example, in the gut they may result in abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea; in the skin, itching and swelling (rash or nettle rash), in the upper airways, a runny nose or sneezing; in the lower airways, a wheeze or cough.

• Food Allergy: Anaphylaxis
• Food Allergy: Epidemiology & Mechanisms
• Food Allergy: Diagnosis & Management
• Food allergy vs. Food sensitivities
• Immunological aspects of food allergy
• Immunotherapy for food allergy treatment
• Eosinophilic gastroenteritis